Angioplasty and Stenting - during an angioplasty, a small balloon is inflated inside a narrowed blood vessel. The balloon helps to widen the blood vessel and improve blood flow. After widening the vessel with angioplasty, a stent is sometimes inserted. These are tiny mesh tubes that support artery walls to keep vessels wide open.

Minimally Invasive Endografts - for some patients with abdominal aortic disease and other vascular disease, minimally invasive endovascular techniques may be used.  A  graft is placed in the area of disease, and then it is expanded to fit tightly and seal against the wall of the artery which creates a new path through which blood can flow.

Endarterectomy - is the general term for the surgical removal of plaque from an artery that has become narrowed or blocked.

Bypass Grafts - when blood vessels are blocked with plaque surgeons can create a viaduct or bypass around the blocked areas. Through an open incision a real or synthetic new blood vessel is used to go around the blocked area allowing blood to flow.